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An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique numerical label assigned to every device connected to a network. There are two versions: IPv4 (e.g. 192.168.1.1) and IPv6 (e.g. 2001:4860:4860::8888).
A public IP address is what websites see when you connect. A private IP address is used within your local network. Private ranges: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16.
IP geolocation maps IP address ranges to geographic regions. It shows the ISP infrastructure location, not your physical device. VPNs and mobile networks can cause discrepancies.
Your ISP provides your internet connection. An AS number identifies a group of IP networks under a unified routing policy — the building blocks of BGP.
Your IP reveals approximate location — typically city-level — but not your precise address. Geolocation shows your ISP's Point of Presence, which may be far from you.
A VPN routes your traffic through a server replacing your real IP with the server's IP. Websites see the VPN server's location. Traffic between your device and server is also encrypted.
Add your IP to server allowlists before connecting via SSH, VPN, or admin panels that restrict access by IP.
Hosting a game server or setting up port forwarding requires knowing your public IP so friends can connect.
Connecting to your home or office PC remotely requires your public IP to configure RDP, VNC, or TeamViewer.
Knowing your public IP helps diagnose connectivity problems and confirm a VPN is routing traffic correctly.
Email deliverability and fraud systems evaluate your IP. Check if yours is on spam blacklists causing delivery failures.
APIs that require IP whitelisting need your exact public IP to configure the allowlist or share with integration partners.
Most residential connections use dynamic IP addresses — your ISP assigns one from a pool that can change on router reconnect. Businesses typically use static IPs.
IP geolocation shows the ISP's routing infrastructure location, not your physical device. Mobile carriers route traffic through regional hubs. City-level accuracy is typically within 50–100 km.
Yes — every web request includes your IP. Using a VPN masks your real IP from websites but not from the VPN provider itself.
IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses (e.g. 2001:db8::1) providing 340 undecillion addresses. Many ISPs now assign both IPv4 and IPv6 (dual-stack).
VPN — replaces your IP with the server's IP. Tor — routes through multiple nodes. Proxy — similar without encryption. Mobile data — switching from Wi-Fi gives a different IP.
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (4.3B IPs). IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses (340 undecillion IPs). Both coexist via dual-stack networking.